简单句的五种基本句型

1. S+V 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如:

He laughed.

John has read widely.

He lives in London.

2. S+V+O 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如:

Our team beat all the others.

3. S+V+P 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如:

The rose smells sweet.

4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。

可跟双宾语的动词有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,

pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如:

Mr. Li told us an interesting story.

Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?

5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如:

We must keep our school clean.

They made him their monitor.

【注】S=Subject(主语); V=Verb(谓语动词);

P=Predicative(表语); O=Object(宾语);

INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);

DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);

OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语)

句子的基本结构

句子是语言交流或表达思想感情的基本单位。要翻译好句子,做好书面表达,就必须首先掌握句子的基本结构。

句型1: 主语+谓语(状语)

[要点精讲]在这个句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不接宾语,没有被动语态。但副词、介词短语、名词短语等可以作状语来表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等。在使用该句型时,要特别注意谓语动词的时态、人称和数的变化以及各种句型之间的相互转换等。

[方法平移]

根据汉语提示完成下面的句子:

1. 他既不会跳舞,也不会唱歌。He can _______ _______ _______ _______.

2. 天黑了,你最好回家。It’s dark now. You’d better _______ _______.

3. 我认为他能跳三米远。I think he can _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ .

Key: 1. neither dance nor sing 2. go home 3. jump as far as three metres

句型2:主语+系动词+表语

[要点精讲]常见的系动词有:be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, become, turn 等。在此句型中,系动词不是主语发出的动作,表语常由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、名词从句等充当。

[注意]有些形容词只能作表语而不能修饰名词,初中阶段学过的有:asleep, alone, alive, afraid, sure , sorry 等。

[方法平移]

1. The couple(A) often visit the old man, so(B) he feels happily(C) all the time(D).(改错)

2. The oranges taste(A) terribly(B). None(C) of us likes(D) them.(改错) (烟台市)

3. 李老师病情严重,但仍坚持工作。硬要她休息恐怕是不可能的。(根据汉语提示完成句子) Mrs. Li _______ seriously _______, but she still keeps working. I _______ _______ it’s not possible to make her rest in bed.

4. Edison and Einstein _______ _______ _______ _______ (都是伟大的科学家).(根据汉语提示完成句子)

5. Don’t eat the food. It _______. (单项选择)

A. smells badly B. smells bad C. smells good D. smells well

Key: 1. C happily→happy 2. B terribly→terrible 3. is; ill; am afraid

4. are both great scientists 5. B

句型3:主语+谓语+宾语

[要点精讲]在该句型中,谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语句意才能表达完整、正确。宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式、v-ing 形式和宾语从句等。在使用该句型时,注意谓语动词的时态、语态、人称的变化以及各种句型之间的相互转换等。

[方法平移]

1. We planted many trees in our school yard last month. (改为被动语态) (青海省)

Many trees_______ _______ in our school yard last month.

2. Melissa got a birthday present. (就划线部分提问) (四川省)

What _______ Melissa _______?

3. 我想知道世界上正在发生什么事情。(根据汉语提示完成句子)(威海市)

I want to know_______ _______ _______ in the world.

4. You needn’t_______ _______ _______(不必为我担心). I can_______ _______ _______(照料自己). (根据汉语提示完成句子)(岳阳市)

Key: 1. were planted 2. did, get 3. what is happening

4. worry about me; look after myself

句型4:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

[要点精讲]可以跟双宾语的动词常见的有:ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, pass, pay, read, return, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前,若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,则要用介词to 或 for。

[方法平移]

1. 母亲节那天我要给妈妈买件礼物。(根据汉语提示完成句子)

I want to buy_______ _______ _______ _______ on Mother’s Day.

2. 请给我看一下你的照片。(根据汉语提示完成句子)

Please_______ _______ _______ _______.

3. 老师耐心地向学生解释了那道数学题。(根据汉语提示完成句子)

The teacher _______ _______ _______ _______ to the students patiently.

4. Her uncle gave her a nice present yesterday. (同义句转换)

Her uncle gave a nice present _______ _______ yesterday.

5. Mother is making me a cake. (改为被动语态)

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ for me by Mother.

Key: 1. my mother a present 2. show me your photo(s)

3. explained the math problem 4. to her 5. A cake is being made

句型5:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语补足语

[要点精讲]英语中,有些及物动词只跟宾语意思还不完整,必须再加一个宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作或状态。可以做宾语补足语的是:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。可以接宾补的动词常见的有:let, make, have, find, think, see, hear, watch, feel, notice等。

[方法平移]

1. 我总认为学好英语很重要。 (根据汉语提示完成句子) I always think _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ English well.

2. 他的朋友们经常叫他戒烟。(根据汉语提示完成句子) His friends often _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ smoking.

3. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。(根据汉语提示完成句子) You shouldn’t_______ _______ _______ there alone.

4. Every teacher wishes _______ _______ _______ _______ _______(学生努力学习)to make progress. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5. He tried(A) to make(B) himself hear(C) at the parents' meeting(D).(改错)

Key: 1. it very important to learn/ it’s very important to learn

2. ask him to give up 3. let him go 4. the students to study hard

5. C hear→heard

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